Taiwan lodged a protest with Vietnam on Wednesday for labelling the island a Chinese province in some official documents.
The protest followed a claim by a Taiwanese opposition lawmaker that Vietnam refers to Taiwan as a "province of China" in temporary residence cards it issues to Taiwanese businessmen.
The foreign ministry said in a statement that it had formally expressed its concerns and lodged a protest.
"We hope the Vietnamese side will rectify it soon," it said.
This was a second incident involving the sensitive name issue, after the World Health Organization allegedly bowed to Chinese pressure and told its officials to describe Taiwan as a Chinese province.
President Ma Ying-jeou on Tuesday protested to China and the WHO while urging Beijing to treasure the improvement in ties since he came to power in 2008.
China still regards self-ruled Taiwan as part of its territory awaiting reunification, by force if necessary.
It opposes Taiwan seeking formal membership in international organisations or any indication that the island is an independent country, even though the two sides have been governed separately since a civil war in 1949.
The Vietnamese government was not immediately available for comment.
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