Once China's biggest real estate firm, its astronomical debt of more than $300 billion had become emblematic of a years-long crisis in the country's property market that had reverberated throughout the world's second-largest economy.
The order kickstarts a long process that should see Evergrande's offshore assets liquidated and its management replaced, after the company failed to develop a working restructuring plan.
The company's executive director vowed the Hong Kong court's decision would not impact its operations domestically, while analysts said the ruling would further erode foreign investor confidence in China.
High Court judge Linda Chan issued the winding up order given "the obvious lack of the progress on the part of the company in putting forward a viable restructuring proposal and the insolvency of the company".
In her written judgment issued Monday afternoon, Chan wrote creditors' interests would be "better protected" if the company is wound up and independent liquidators can take over to secure assets and restructure as needed.
Edward Middleton and Tiffany Wong of professional services firm Alvarez & Marsal were appointed by Chan as liquidators.
Wong said outside court that the liquidators aimed for Evergrande to "remain operational" and will work with existing management to "achieve a resolution that minimises further disruption".
The court's winding-up order targets the parent company and "does not have a direct impact" on the operation of Evergrande's subsidiaries, Wong told reporters, without taking questions.
The winding-up petition was filed in 2022 by creditor Top Shine Global, which wanted its money back after Evergrande formally defaulted in December 2021.
But analysts are sceptical any creditors will get repaid in full.
Ninety percent of Evergrande's assets are in mainland China, according to Chan's judgment.
"I doubt (Evergrande's) offshore creditors would receive substantial recovery proceeds from the liquidation order," Zerlina Zeng, a credit analyst at Creditsights Singapore LLC, told Bloomberg.
- 'Stability of domestic business' -
Evergrande executive director Shawn Siu called the decision "regrettable", but vowed the company's operations in China would continue.
"The Group will still endeavour to do everything possible to safeguard the stability of its domestic business and operation," he told a Chinese business outlet, adding that Evergrande's Hong Kong arm was independent from its domestic subsidiary.
The company would "steadily push forward the key work of guaranteeing the delivery of buildings, maintain the quality of property services without being affected", Siu added.
Evergrande shares plunged 20.87 percent in Hong Kong following the ruling, before the stock exchange halted trading in the morning.
Trading was also halted in Evergrande's electric vehicle subsidiary.
Shanghai stocks fell close to one percent, but Hong Kong ended higher.
Evergrande's demise has been closely watched as it was once a pillar of China's economy, with the construction and property sectors once accounting for around a quarter of gross domestic product.
But President Xi Jinping deemed debt accrued by Evergrande and other property firms an unacceptable risk for China's financial system and economic health.
Last year, Evergrande chair Xu Jiayin was "subject to mandatory measures" from authorities on suspicion of "crimes".
In Monday's ruling, Chan wrote that a winding-up order had the "advantage" of taking control of the company away from Xu, removing a hurdle for restructuring.
- 'Widely anticipated' -
Officials have gradually tightened developers' access to credit since 2020, and a wave of defaults has followed.
By the end of June, Evergrande estimated it had debts of $328 billion.
While the winding-up was "widely anticipated", the challenge will now be on "whether the liquidator will succeed in obtaining recognition... from mainland courts to seize" assets, said Saxo Markets' Redmond Wong.
And Shane Oliver, chief economist at Sydney-based financial services firm AMP, added: "Authorities will probably manage this liquidation in a way that doesn't cause major contagion effects to other parts of the economy."
But "it tells us that the property crisis is still far from being resolved, and remains an ongoing drag on the Chinese economy".
Evergrande "largely has onshore assets, there were some offshore assets of questionable value, but it wasn't plugged in to the global financial system in the way that Lehman Brothers was as an international bank," said Daniel Margulies, Dechert LLP's Asia restructuring and insolvency lead.
hol-su/mtp
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