Germany will close its last black coal mine on Friday, a milestone marking the end of a 200-year-old industry that once fuelled the country's economic growth but lost the battle against cheaper foreign competitors.

The remaining 1,500 workers of the Prosper-Haniel mine in Bottrop will make their final descent into the pit's belly, greeting each other one more time with the traditional "Glueck auf, Kumpel", or "Good luck, buddy".

"We owe so much to generations of miners: warmth, prosperity, security," Economy Minister Peter Altmaier tweeted. "Thank you!"

The miners will end their shift by handing a symbolic last chunk of "black gold" to President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, in a ceremony also to be attended by European Commission chief Jean-Claude Juncker.

A mining choir will sing the miners' anthem "Steigerlied" and local churches will hold special services in what promises to be a poignant farewell to a historic era in western Germany's industrial Ruhr heartland.

The 150-year-old deep-shaft colliery will then be sealed up for good.

"There's a deep sadness now that it's all going to be over soon," miner Thomas Echtermeyer, 47, told Bild daily.

Although the closure comes amid a growing environmental outcry against coal, the dirtiest fossil fuel, it wasn't pollution concerns but cheaper imports from abroad that sounded the mine's death knell.

- 'Thanks, buddy' -

With its own vernacular, songs, football clubs and masses dedicated to the miners' patron saint Barbara, mining is woven deeply into the fabric of daily life in the Ruhr region.

Bundesliga clubs in the area, who owe their origins to local mining communities, are marking Prosper-Haniel's closure with tributes to their shared heritage.

On Saturday, Borussia Dortmund players will wear the message "Danke, Kumpel" on their shirts, which means both "thanks, buddy" and "thanks, miner".

In a reminder of the dangers of the job, a 29-year-old man died in a recently shuttered mine in the same state of North Rhine-Westphalia on Monday, where dismantling work is ongoing.

The industrial mechanic died from injuries suffered after getting trapped by a heavy door.

And 13 miners were killed in a methane explosion in a coal mine in the Czech Republic on Thursday.

- No coal exit yet -

Dating back to the 19th century, the mines, plants and steel mills that once dotted the Ruhr basin were long the beating heart of Germany's industrial prowess, powering its "economic miracle" after World War II.

At its peak, the mining industry employed 600,000 people.

But Germany's dominance in the black-coal market started to wane in the 1960s as foreign rivals made it cheaper to import the raw material.

Today most of the black coal, also known as hard coal, used in Germany's coal-fired power plants comes from Russia, the United States, Australia and Colombia.

The domestic industry has been kept on life support through massive subsidies, costing the German taxpayer over 40 billion euros ($45 billion) between 1989 and 2017.

Chancellor Angela Merkel's government decided in 2007 to phase out the aid and shutter the last black coal mines by 2018 -- giving the workers of Prosper-Haniel 11 years' notice.

The long preparation has been credited with avoiding large-scale upheaval or angry protests, with many opting for early retirement schemes.

Some of the pitmen will continue working at the Prosper-Haniel site for now carrying out dismantling tasks.

The company in charge of the clean-up will also need people in the years ahead to pump out dirty mine water to avoid it from mixing with groundwater and possibly contaminating drinking water resources.

Germany's goodbye to black-coal mining is by no means an exit from coal altogether: the fossil fuel still accounts for almost 40 percent of its energy mix -- partly because of Merkel's decision to ditch nuclear power.

To the dismay of environmentalists, Germany still has numerous open-pit mines that extract lignite or brown coal, which is softer, cheaper and more polluting than black coal.

But it's an industry increasingly under threat as countries around the world look for ways to phase out fossil fuels to combat climate change.

A government-appointed commission will in February announce a roadmap for exiting coal as part of efforts to make Germany carbon-neutral by 2050.

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BORUSSIA DORTMUND

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End of an era as Germany's last black coal mine closes
Berlin (AFP) Dec 19, 2018
Germany will close its last black coal mine on Friday, turning the page on two centuries of mining history in the Ruhr region that helped fuel the country's post-war "economic miracle". Although the end of the Prosper-Haniel colliery near the western town of Bottrop comes as polluting coal is increasingly under scrutiny, it was cheaper hard coal from abroad, not environmental concerns, that sounded the mine's death knell. For the remaining 1,500 workers the final shift promises to be an emotiona ... read more