"The pipeline is not in Sweden's interests, especially considering the project's far-reaching consequences on the environment," Social Democrat foreign affairs and environment critics Urban Ahlin and Anders Ygeman said in a open letter published in the Svenska Dagbladet newspaper.

"But it is undoubtedly in Russia's interests," they wrote, stressing the timing of the decision "suggests that the Swedish government has in a way" given into Russia's "expressions of of discontent."

Sweden's approval came two weeks before a EU-Russia summit to take place in Stockholm and resolved what had become a dispute between Stockholm and Moscow.

After years of procrastination, Sweden and Finland gave breakthrough approvals to Nord Stream on Thursday, allowing the pipeline to pass through their waters in the Baltic Sea, a crucial step for the project destined to supply Europe with Russian gas.

Sweden currently holds the rotating EU presidency.

In June, Russia's ambassador to the EU Vladimir Chijov asked the Swedish prime minister to make Nord Stream one of his presidency's priorities.

The 7.4-billion-dollar (5.0-billion-euro) Nord Stream project, which is led by Russian state-run energy giant Gazprom in partnership with Germany's E.On Ruhrgas and BASF-Wintershall, will run under the Baltic Sea to bring gas from Russia to the European Union.

The pipeline will link the Russian city of Vyborg and Greifswald in Germany over a distance of 1,220 kilometres (758 miles), going under the Baltic Sea and passing through Russian, Finnish, Swedish, Danish and German waters.

"The approval of the pipeline permanently ties Europe to an addiction to Russian gas that involves serious environmental risks in a very sensitive sea area," the Social Democrat critics wrote.

Shortly after Sweden's approval on Thursday, the Left and Green parties, as well as the country's Greenpeace group, also condemned the move.

"The most environmentally-friendly alternative was to run the pipeline next to the existing passage on land. But Nord Stream did not bother to investigate that," Greenpeace said in a statement Thursday.

Green Party spokesman Peter Eriksson said the pipeline would cause "great damages" to the Baltic Sea.

As the country that holds the EU presidency, "Sweden's government talked about the importance of protecting the Baltic Sea, but (the decision) shows it did not mean" what it said, he told Swedish television Thursday.

In Finland, an editorial in the country's largest broadsheet Helsingin Sanomat on Friday said the government should have imposed stricter conditions on environmental conditions before approving the project.

"Finland could have put more pressure" on Russia to sign a treaty respecting environmental conditions, it argued.

In another opinion piece in the same paper, Pertti Joenniemi, an expert at the Danish Institute for International Studies, said it was "clear that the Baltic Sea region cannot become ... a model for European development unless the (environment and security) fears related to pipeline project are cleared out of the way."

Although the Finnish government approved Nord Stream on Thursday, the Western Finland Environmental Permit Authority still needs to deliver the permit for building or installing the pipeline.

"We will make a decision (on Nord Stream's building permit) at the earliest at the end of this year, but it might be in early next year," Mika Seppaelae of the Western Finland Environmental Permit Authority told AFP.

The approvals came as new tensions have emerged between Russia and Ukraine, raising fears for a new row between the countries that could jeopardise Russian gas supplies to Europe.

By going under the Baltic Sea, Nord Stream's pipeline could free the European Union of the risks posed by disputes between Russia and Ukraine, through which 80 percent of Russian gas currently transits on its way to Europe.

One quarter of all gas consumed in Europe comes from Russia.

earlier related report
Sweden and Finland back Nord Stream
Stockholm, Sweden (UPI) Nov 6 - Sweden and Finland cleared the way for the Nord Stream gas pipeline project aimed at linking Russia and Germany under the Baltic Sea.

Both countries after a lengthy assessment gave their permissions to have the pipeline, built by a Russian-German-Dutch consortium, run through their waters.

Denmark last month was the first of five affected countries to issue a permit; with Sweden and Finland following this week, only Russia and Germany have still to give their green light -- observers say that's but a formality.

"This is an important day for the Nord Stream project," Matthias Warnig, head of the Nord Stream consortium, said in a statement. "These two permits are further significant milestones for our project."

Nord Stream is a planned 758-mile natural gas pipeline directly linking Russia and Germany under the Baltic Sea, bypassing transit countries in Eastern and Central Europe. The $11 billion pipeline is designed to eventually deliver up to 55 billion cubic meters of gas per year, enough for around 25 million households.

Gazprom holds the majority with 51 percent, Germany's Wintershall and Eon Ruhrgas own 20 percent each with Dutch Gasunie holding the remaining 9 percent.

Nord Stream has been mentioned by the European Commission as a priority energy project but has run into opposition from individual European states, including Poland and the Baltic countries. Moreover, environmental concerns have delayed the permitting process.

The construction of Nord Stream is planned to begin in early 2010, with the first pipeline operational in 2011 and the second in 2012. Nord Stream says it has spent around $130 million on environmental studies and the permitting process.

Joachim Pfeiffer, energy policy spokesman of German Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservatives, said the Swedish green light was good news for Europe's energy security. He noted dwindling domestic gas resources and rising demand.

"To ensure a secure, affordable and clean energy supply, Europe and Germany need several energy sources, transport routes and supply countries," he said in a statement. "Nord Stream boosts pipeline capacity and is thus an important energy security tool for Germany and Europe."

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